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42101
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Mohammed Ali Pasha is the Ruler of Egypt from 1805 till 1848 and he is considered the Father of Modern Egypt. In his first years, Egyptian coins were following the Turkish Zeri Mahbobi as the main currency unit. (See other sets for coins prior to 1223H/29).
In 1834, a decree was issued, adopting an Egyptian currency based on a bimetallic standard (gold and silver) on the basis of the Maria Theresa thaler; a popular trade coin in the region; this means that the main currency of Egypt was G20Q and S20Q .
The Egyptian Gold 100Q, known later as the GENEIH, was introduced in 1837 (1253H also 1223/30), this is one year after the introduction of the Egyptian Riyal on (1223/29) (see reform coins). I believe it was not replacing the Egyptian Riyal as the chief unit of currency at the time.
Later in 1844, Turkey started coinage reform and the main unit was the Kurus and minted its first G100 Kurus in (1225/5). It was a lighter coin only 7.4 GM compared to Egyptian coin as 8.4 GM.
The Qirsh continued to circulate as was subdivided into 40 para. Egypt was part of the Othman Empire. Therefore, The design of its coins carries the name of the Othman Sultan and the Year of his ascending the thrown. Therefore the very first Egypt Pound carries the date 1223H/30 which means the 30th year of Sultan Mahmud II ascending the thrown in the Islamic calendar Year 1223H. There is also a slight change in design based on the change in the Egyptian Ruler.
The Egyptian G100Q was minted from Gold only from 1834 till 1885 and not in all years depending on the economic situation. We have no records of any Gold coins minted in 1255/ 18 till 1255/23 similar to Turkey. This time was a clear shortage of gold in Egypt as the government did not balance its budget.
In 1885, British administration introduced a new coinage consisting of bronze 1⁄40, 1⁄20 , Cooper nickel 1⁄10, 2⁄10 and 5⁄10 of the Qirsh. Silver 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 Kurus coins (See the TYPE SET of 1293). There was only 1 year G100Q in 1293/12 as a celebration of the new system. The gold coinage practically ceased, with only small numbers of 5 and 10 Qirsh coins issued in Egypt and not commissioned by the state. They are official mint issues produced for whoever asked them for a fee.
Eventually this led to Egypt using a de facto gold standard between 1885 and 1914, with E£1 = 7.4375 grams pure gold. At the outbreak of World War I, the Egyptian pound was pegged to the British pound sterling at EG£0.975 per GB£1.
The first Egyptian Pound was printed in a banknote in 1898, In the years afterward, Gold Pound were minted not for real circulation but as a sign of sovereignty for the Ruler or as a commemorative issue. I believe 1293/12 issue of Gold Pound was a commemorative issue.
The Pound is still the basis of the monetary system in Egypt. On June 1, 2006, 50 piastre and 1 pound coins dated 2005 were introduced, and the equivalent banknotes were phased out and completely disappeared from circulation in 2010. The coins bear the face of Cleopatra VII and Tutankhamun's mask, and the 1 pound coin is bimetallic. The size and composition of 50 piastre coins was reduced in 2007.
Egyptian Pound was not minted every year and it was affected by the economic circumstances and political climate. This is a set of all 37 coins for all dates of this denomination when Egypt was still under the Othman Empire. This Set can be grouped as follows:
1) KM 217 which has two dates 1223AH/30 and 1223A/31. They are not really for circulation as they were minted in small numbers that do not meet the economic demand of the government.
The reign of Sultan Mahmud II ended on 1 July 1839 which is 1255AH and succeeded by (Abdulmejid I) from 1839 till 1861.
2) KM 235.1 which has four dates 1225AH from year 1 till year 4. These pounds are Egyptian and there is no equivalent Turkish coins for them.
3) KM 235.2 which has f12 dates 1225AH from year 6 till year 17.
The reign of Sultan Abdulmejid I ended on 25 June 1861 which is 1277AH and succeeded by (Abdülaziz I) from 1861 till 1876.
4) KM 263 which has all dates 1277AH from year 2 till year 16. There is no year 1 or year 3.
5) KM 264, which is a one year issue 1227AH//4 and it is a rare coin "R" as it was minted in Paris. (See all story in the type Set of Year 1277//4).
The reign of Sultan Abdülaziz I ended on 25 June 1861 which is 1277AH and succeeded by (Murad V) for 91 days only during 1876. (See Murad V Type Set).
6) KM 272, This is a less than one year issue due to the short period of Murad V on the thrown and it is a rare coin "RR"
After Sultan Murad V, Abdul Hamid II reigned from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909.
7) KM 285, This is a less than one year issue due to the partial year period of Murad V on the thrown and it is a extremely rare coin "RRR".
8) There are unconfirmed pattern issues for the years 1293/4 + 1293/6 and 1293/8. It was not really for circulation.
9) KM 297, which is one year issue 1293/12 with a special design that used to be for commemorative issues during 19th Century. As this year is after the decree of 1885 is a strong reason to believe that this was truly a commemorative coin.
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