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SOVEREIGN TYPE SET 1817-2010, Proof Issue , (GEORGE III-ELIZABETH II).
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GT.BRITAIN, GOLD PROOF SOVEREIGNS TYPE SET ( GEORGE III - ELIZABETH II).
The Royal Mint struck its first gold sovereign in 1489 during the reign of Henry VII. This coin became known as a "sovereign" because the obverse design depicted the King enthroned in regal splendour. It was the first gold coin produced with a value of one pound or twenty shillings, it was the largest coin yet issued in England and also the most beautiful. The half-sovereign was introduced a few years after, during the reign of King Henry VIII (1509-1547), in the year 1544, nearly 300 years before the modern coinage period. The modern sovereign, smaller and featuring on the reverse the classic St. George and the dragon design by Benedetto Pistrucci and the half-sovereign featuring the Royal Arms were introduced in 1817, during the reign of King George III (1760-1820), taking the form in which we know them today.
Gold sovereigns continued to be issued by the Royal Mint in London for the reigns of King George IV (1821-1830), King William IV (1831-1837), Queen Victoria (1838-1901), King Edward VII (1902-1910), and King George V (1911-1936).
After 1925 currency gold sovereigns were not issued by the Royal Mint until 1957 when the first currency sovereign was struck during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (1952-).
The London Royal Mint struck proof gold sovereigns for every reign since 1817. These proof coins were produced specifically for collectors and not for circulation. They were usually of very low mintage and consequently rare. The most familiar proof type are those with frosted details and mirrored like finish on the background.
Coins are produced when two dies strike a blank piece of metal with tremendous force. One die is engraved with the front (obverse) design for the coin. The other die has the back (reverse) coin design on it.
A newly minted proof coin is also Un-circulated, however it is the way it is made that causes a difference in appearance and qualifies it as a "proof". By treating the die in a special way, the coins it produces have a different appearance. The background (field) design of the coin die is polished, resulting in a mirror-like look on the coin it strikes. This gives the finished coin a frosted look (frosting) on the raise parts of the design, with a mirror like finish on the background. This contrasting finish is often called "cameo". On some older coins a cameo appearance is quite rare. The attribute "CAMEO", when added to a coin's description, means cameo appearance. "ULTRA CAMEO" indicates the cameo appearance is strong and easy to observe.
In matt proofs the process differs, with the dies undergoing roughening by sand blasting to produce the matt finish and there is no frosting effect. (The proof sovereigns produced for Edward VII are known as matt proofs).
Not only are proofs made using specially treated dies, each coin is struck two or more times by the coin die. By striking it more than once the metal is forced into all the crevices of the die, thereby giving a very fine detail to the image on the coin. This fine detail does not appear on some non-proof coins.
Today's grading of proofs is similar to the grades used for uncirculated coins. The attribute "PF" stands for "proof", and is used instead of the MS (mint state) to indicate a proof coin. Proofs (that are also uncirculated) will be graded PF 60 to PF 70, with PF 70 being rare or nonexistent in some cases. Because a proof coin can be mishandled or receive wear by cleaning or handling, proof grades can extend below PF 60. Like uncirculated coins, proofs can experience toning, tarnish or darkening.
THE REIGNS
KING GEORGE III (1760-1820) House of Hanover.
Born: 4 June 1738.
Accession: 25 October 1760.
Married: Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 8 September 1761 the day they met for the first time.
Coronation: Tuesday, 22 September 1761.
Children: nine sons, six daughters.
Died: 29 January 1820, aged 81.
The first proof sovereigns to be produced were those of George III and featured Benedetto Pistrucci's original St George and Dragon reverse, with St George slaying the dragon with a club rather than a sword as found on later issues. The proof coins of 1817, 1818 and 1820 are all struck with polished dies and exhibit frosted detail. They all have milled edges and are all extremely rare, with rarity ratings between 5 and 6. Unlike the circulation versions these are very seldom seen and are likely to be sold in the major auction houses with valuations very much dependent on condition.
KING GEORGE IV (1820-1830) House of Hanover.
Born: 12 August 1762.
Accession: 29 January 1820.
Married: Caroline of Brunswick 8 April 1795 later separated and banned from attending the Coronation.
Coronation: Thursday, 19 July 1821.
Child: one daughter Charlotte who predeceased her Father 6 November 1817.
Died: 26 June 1830, aged 67.
The first proof sovereign of George IV was the 1821, which featured the St George and the dragon design on the reverse and was also a milled coin and rare. In 1825 a new effigy of the King appeared on the obverse and on the reverse the Pistrucci's St George and dragon design was dropped in favour of a shield. There are proof sovereigns for both 1825 and 1826, with the former having two versions: milled and plain edge varieties. Both are of similar rarity. The 1826 proof sovereign was originally issued in commemorative sets containing 11 coins from five pounds to farthing, but most are now broken up so the sovereign is obtainable individually.
KING WILLIAM IV (1830-1837) House of Hanover.
Born: 21 August 1765.
Accession: 26 June 1830.
Married: Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg and Meiningen, 11 July 1818 after first meeting a week before, a double wedding with his brother, Prince Edward the Duke of Kent.
Coronation: Thursday, 8 September 1831.
Children: two daughters who both died in childhood, ten illegitimate children previously.
Died: 20 June 1837.
William IV ascended the throne in1830 and a limited number of proof sovereigns were produced, but these were mostly trial or pattern coins. Both milled and plain edge versions were struck in 1831, with the plain edge type being the more often seen. An extremely rare proof sovereign dated 1832 apparently has the first bust obverse, whereas those of 1830 and 1831 both have the second bust.
QUEEN VICTORIA (1837-1901) House of Hanover.
Born: 24 May 1819.
Accession: 20 June 1837.
Married: Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 10 February 1840.
Coronation: Thursday 28 June 1838.
Children: four sons, five daughters.
Died: 22 January 1901, aged 81.
Queen Victoria's reign started with a host of Proof, Pattern and Trial sovereigns, the principal examples being 1838 and 1839 bearing the 'Young Head" design on the obverse and the "Shield" design on the reverse. Both years exist in plain edge and milled form. The 1838 is significantly rarer than its 1839 counterpart and milled edge versions are seldom seen. Other proof sovereigns of the London-struck Shield reverse series include 1853, 1863, 1864, 1869, 1871, 1880, 1886 and 1887. All these range from extremely rare upwards.
1871 saw the reintroduction of the classic Pistrucci St George and the Dragon reverse and along with it a number of proof issues: 1871 first issue "Young Head with long tail and large B.P." has milled and plain versions with the former priced at up to double that of the plain edge. The first issue Young Head with long tail did not last long and was replaced in 1871 by the "short tail, small B.P." variety. Other proof sovereigns of the Young Head London series includes 1878, 1879, 1880 and 1886. All these are exceedingly rare.
The 1887 Queen Victoria Golden Jubilee Head sovereign features the Queen's effigy designed by J.E.Boehm and Pistrucci's classic St George and the Dragon reverse with long tail and small B.P. The coin is of cameo type with frosted detail on mirrored fields and with milled edge. Although these proof coins can only be considered as scarce rather than rare, finding a top grade example will not be easy. The 1887 coin is really the only accessible proof Jubilee Head example for most collectors, but there are others: 1888, 1889, 1891 and even a unique 1892.
In 1893 the new Victorian coinage featuring Thomas Brock's Veiled Head or Old Head was introduced, along with a proof sovereign of that date. The coin itself was struck in the same manner as the Jubilee Head with edge milling. The 1893 proof sovereign is somewhat more difficult to find than the 1887.
KING EDWARD VII (1901-1910) House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Born: 9 November 1841.
Accession: 22 January 1901.
Married: Alexandra of Denmark 10 March 1863.
Coronation: Saturday, 9 August 1902.
Children: three sons, three daughters.
Died: 6 May 1910, aged 68.
The first of the matt proof sovereigns generally available appeared in 1902 to mark the coronation of King Edward VII. This coin features the left-facing portrait of the King designed by G.W. De Saules. The reverse bears Pistrucci's classic design with long tail and small B.P. The coin is not rare and can be found without too much difficulty. Edward VII was not bald although his hair was thin and closely shaven. This feature can be clearly seen on a good proof sovereign and is often the first detail to be lost on the standard currency coin. Another proof Edward VII sovereign was produced in 1906, similar in design and detail to the 1902, but with a rarity rating of 7. This is housed within the Royal Mint collection.
KING GEORGE V (1910-1936) House of Windsor.
Born: 3 June 1865.
Accession: 6 May 1910.
Married: Mary of Teck, 6 July 1893.
Coronation: Thursday, 22 June 1911, second Coronation as Emperor of India at the Delhi Durbar, Tuesday, 12 December 1911.
Children: five sons, one daughter.
Died: 20 January 1936, aged 70.
King George V's coronation in 1911 was marked with the production of a proof sovereign with the right-facing portrait designed by Bertram Mackennal and Pistrucci's classic St George and the Dragon reverse. This coin has somewhat duller or flatter fields than its Victorian counterparts and is highly polished. Due to this finish does not suffer as much with hairlines as the Victorian proofs. With a mintage figure of 3,750 the 1911 proof sovereign is a little more difficult to find than the 1902. There is also an extremely rare 1911 matt proof sovereign housed within the Royal Mint collection.
KING GEORGE VI (1936-1952) House of Windsor.
Born: 14 December 1895.
Accession: 11 December 1936.
Married: Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, 26 April 1923. Coronation: Wednesday, 12 May 1937.
Children: two daughters.
Died: 6 February 1952, aged 56.
George VI assumed the throne in 1937 and 5,001 proof sovereigns were produced. These were a return to the cameo, highly polished mirrored field with frosted detail type, last seen in Victoria's reign. The coin has a right-facing portrait designed by Humphray Paget and Pistrucci' standard St George and the Dragon design on the reverse. As no bullion coins were produced during George VI's reign, this proof sovereign became very desirable over the last 15 years. There is a unique matt proof sovereign in existence for this year and is housed in a private collection.
QUEEN ELIZABETH II (1952- ) House of Windsor.
Born: 21 April 1926.
Accession: 6 February 1952.
Married: Philip of Greece and Denmark, 20 November 1947.
Coronation: Tuesday, 2 June 1953.
Children: three sons, one daughter.
Celebrating her Diamond Jubilee Year 2012.
Queen Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne upon the death of her father George VI in 1952. Although most collectors will see 1979 as the birthplace of the modern proof sovereign, there were actually quite a few before then. All are extremely rare and with very low mintage. These are the 1953, 1957, 1958 1959 and also the 1963 which is in both matt and frosted cameo types. There was also another very limited issue proof version of the 1976 sovereign before the modern era of the proof sovereign which began in1979, with 50,000 coins produced. The proof sovereign has been struck every year since in six different types.
The first type (1979-1984) shows the Queen facing right and wearing a coronet, and, on the reverse, the design of St.George slaying the Dragon.
The second type (1985-1997) shows the Queen facing right wearing a diadem, necklace and earings, and the reverse, once more, features Pistrucci's St.George slaying the Dragon.
During this period the year 1989 occured and it was the very year that marked the 500th anniversary of the gold sovereign, and so, to mark this special year, the Royal Mint struck this third type proof half-sovereign. This 1989 issue shows the enthroned effigy of the Queen facing and seated, wearing a crown and robed in superb regal splendour. The reverse features the Royal Arms placed in the centre of a large Tudor rose with the crown above.
The fourth type (1998- Date) features the Old bust of the Queen facing right and wearing a tiara and the reverse the design of St. George slaying the Dragon.
The year 2002 Queen Elizabeth completed fifty years of a truly wonderful reign (Golden Jubilee). To mark this great occasion, the Royal Mint struck a special issue with the reverse featuring the Ensigns Armorial of the United Kingdom within a plain shield surmounted by the royal crown.
The sixth type was struck in 2005 with a new modern design of St.George and the Dragon on the reverse by Timothy Noad.
REFERENCES:
COINS OF ENGLAND & THE UNITED KINGDOM, 45th Edition 2010, by SPINK.
THE GOLD SOVEREIGN, Golden Jubilee Edition 2002, by MICHAEL A. MARSH.
COIN NEWS MAGAZINE, Token Publishing, UK.
This interesting type set, lacking two entries to become complete, contains mainly Ultra Cameo examples of this famous coin. It is highlighted by an extraordinary example of the 1887 Jubilee Head sovereign in PF66 Ultra Cameo and all three examples of Queen Elizabeth sovereigns in PF70 Ultra Cameo.
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*所有奖项均由NGC评选得出。